ARCHITECTURE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN OIKUMEN: HE BIRTH OF THE MONUMENTAL FACADE (2 MILLENNIUM BC) AND ITS TRANSFORMATION INTO A PORTICO (FIRST HALF OF THE 1ST MILLENNIUM BC)

The article presents a general picture of the development architecture Ancient World in 3nd - 1st millennium BC. identified three main style-making cultures Mediterranean (Egypt, Mesopotamia with Levant, Aegean world Antalya) which were formed 3 thousand and changing trends their architecture, birth facade composition its change from plane to spatial, which, according author, reveals historical through architectural form – socio-cultural, worldview changes. At level it is possible state formation theme monumental portal: Egypt Mesopotamia. But meaningful construction facade, creation presentable has not yet taken place. middle 2 BC Assyria, symmetrical planar façade compositions formulated (paired pylons temple paired towers at entrance arch portal palaces citadels Assyria Hittites). This stops visitor only form: small opening against dominant deaf array secrecy, remoteness elitism content building. Instead, traditions secular open two-column loggia on denote megarons acropolises bit-hilani house. An echo such can be considered facades Georgian traditional folk housing darbazi, as characteristic region Caucasus. It should noted ratio area indicated degree elitism, esoteric or vice versa democracy society certain type established, after long stagnation conservation achieved ideals schemes noticeable changes occurred around 6-5 centuries. BC, when both Antalya Persia took place elite sacred architecture. opens up, becomes public, social, humane time space public city square surrounded by columned portico antique classical